Electric motorcycle is composed of car body, motor, controller, storage battery, charger and instrument system. Among them, motor, controller, storage battery and charger are very important and easy to fail, commonly known as "four major parts".

1. Frame components: Frame components include frame, front fork, handlebar, etc. The upper end of the front fork component is matched with the handlebar and the frame, and the lower end is matched with the front axle and the front wheel component to form the guiding part of the electric motorcycle. Turn the handlebar to drive the front fork and change the direction of the front wheel. In addition, the front fork also plays an important role in keeping the balance of the electric motorcycle when driving. There are also some accessory components, including saddle component, reflector and horn component, front fender component, rear fender component, bracket component, car lock component, front basket component, etc.

2. Motors: Motors can be divided into many types according to different structures, and the most commonly used ones are brushless motors

3. Controller: the core control device that controls the starting, running, advancing and retreating, speed and stopping of the motor of the electric motorcycle and other electronic devices of the electric motorcycle. It is just like the brain of the electric motorcycle and an important component of the electric motorcycle.At present,electric motorcycles mainly include electric bicycles, electric two-wheeled motorcycles,electric three-wheeled motorcycles, electric four-wheeled motorcycles, etc.The controllers of electric motorcycles also have different performances and characteristics because of different models.

4. Battery: Battery is the on-board energy for providing energy for electric motorcycles. At present, lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries are mainly used for electric motorcycles, and lithium batteries are relatively expensive.

5. Charger: Charger is a device for supplementing electric energy to batteries, which is generally divided into two-stage charging mode and three-stage charging mode. Two-stage charging mode: charge at constant voltage first, and the charging current gradually decreases with the increase of battery voltage. After the battery charge is replenished to a certain extent, the battery voltage will rise to the set value of the charger, and then it is converted into trickle charging. Three-stage charging mode: at the beginning of charging, charge with constant current first, and quickly replenish energy to the battery; After the battery voltage rises, it changes to constant voltage charging. At this time, the battery energy is slowly supplemented and the battery voltage continues to rise; When the charging termination voltage of the charger is reached, trickle charging is switched to maintain the battery and supply the self-discharge current of the battery.

6. Turn handle, brake handle, power sensor, etc.: Turn handle, brake handle, power sensor, etc. are signal input components of the controller. The handlebar signal is the speed control signal of electric motorcycle. Brake handle signal is an electrical signal output by the internal electronic circuit of the brake handle to the controller when the electric motorcycle brakes. After the controller receives this signal, it will cut off the power supply to the motor, thus realizing the brake power-off function. Power-assisted sensor is a device that detects pedal torque or pedal speed signal when electric motorcycle is in power-assisted state. The controller distributes different electric driving powers to the motor according to the signal of the power-assisted sensor, so as to achieve automatic matching between manpower and electric power and jointly drive the electric vehicle to rotate.

7. Lamps and instruments: component combinations that provide lighting and indicate the status of electric motorcycles. Instruments generally provide battery voltage display, vehicle speed display, riding status display, lamp status display, etc.